{"id":1574,"date":"2026-01-16T09:22:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-16T12:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/?page_id=1574"},"modified":"2026-01-16T09:22:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T12:22:50","slug":"international-trade-and-deforestation-the-political-economy-behind-brazilian-land-intensive-exports","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/international-trade-and-deforestation-the-political-economy-behind-brazilian-land-intensive-exports\/","title":{"rendered":"International trade and deforestation: the political economy behind Brazilian land-intensive exports"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

International trade and deforestation: the political economy behind Brazilian land-intensive exports<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Key-words<\/strong>: Deforestation<\/em>; Environment<\/em>; Game theory; International trade<\/em>; Microeconomics<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trade is directly related to deforestation and land use patterns. As an inducer of large economic activity and intensive use of factors related to deforestation and land, trade is often associated with higher emissions of CO2, pollution, deforestation, and many more negative environmental impacts. This dissertation aims to further characterize this issue by first analyzing the impact of stricter European Union import rules in the context of the European Union-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement, using an adapted quantitative spatial model that makes land and structure use endogenous. We find that in scenarios where trade in land-intensive sectors faces higher charges, land use in Brazil typically increases in the outer states of the Legal Amazon. Subsequently, to deepen our understanding of the relationship between trade and deforestation, we use a game theory model to analyze the dynamics between countries’ preferences for trade tariffs and deforestation levels for country pairs. Results indicate that free trade and zero deforestation is neither an optimal nor attainable social solution. Furthermore, there appears to be a free-riding incentive whereby a country more concerned with deforestation will experience larger deforestation levels from the less-concerned country. The overall conclusion is that cooperation and multilateral action are required to tackle deforestation. Additionally, trade access can be used as a mechanism to induce more effective efforts by nations with large forest territories, such as Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resumo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O com\u00e9rcio internacional \u00e9 diretamente relacionado ao desmatamento e padr\u00f5es do uso da terra. Como um indutor de atividade econ\u00f4mica e uso intensivo dos fatores relacionados ao desmatamento e terra, o com\u00e9rcio internacional \u00e9 usualmente associado a mais altas emiss\u00f5es, mais desmatamento e outros resultados negativos de um ponto de vista ambiental. A presente tese tem por objetivo caracterizar essa problem\u00e1tica inicialmente explorando o impacto de regras de importa\u00e7\u00e3o mais r\u00edgidas da Uni\u00e3o Europeia, no contexto do Acordo de Livre Com\u00e9rcio da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e do Mercosul, usando um modelo quantitativo espacial que endogeniza o uso do fator terra e estruturas. Este estudo encontra que nos cen\u00e1rios nos quais o com\u00e9rcio em setores intensivos no fator terra enfrenta maiores tarifas comerciais, o uso do solo no Brasil tipicamente aumenta nos estados da borda da Amaz\u00f4nia Legal. Num segundo estudo, a fim de aprofundar nosso entendimento sobre a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre com\u00e9rcio internacional e desmatamento, desenvolvemos um modelo utilizando teoria dos jogos para analisar a din\u00e2mica entre as prefer\u00eancias de pa\u00edses por n\u00edveis de tarifas comerciais e desmatamento para um par de pa\u00edses. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o livre com\u00e9rcio e o zero desmatamento n\u00e3o s\u00e3o resultados alcan\u00e7\u00e1veis no \u00f3timo. Al\u00e9m disso, h\u00e1 um incentivo de carona (free ride<\/em>), no qual um pa\u00eds que prefere menores n\u00edveis de desmatamento faz um esfor\u00e7o de n\u00e3o-desmatamento proporcionalmente maior que aquele pa\u00eds que tem prefer\u00eancias por um maior n\u00edvel de desmatamento. A conclus\u00e3o desta tese \u00e9 que coopera\u00e7\u00e3o e a\u00e7\u00e3o multilateral s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios para lidar com o desmatamento. Adicionalmente, acesso a mercados estrangeiros pode ser usado como um mecanismo mais eficaz em induzir menores n\u00edveis de desmatamento em pa\u00edses como muitas florestas, como o Brasil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Download this Ph.D. Dissertation HERE<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

International trade and deforestation: the political economy behind Brazilian land-intensive exports Key-words: Deforestation; Environment; Game theory; International trade; Microeconomics Abstract Trade is directly related to deforestation and land use patterns. As an inducer of large economic activity and intensive use of factors related to deforestation and land, trade is often associated with higher emissions of[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"zakra_general_container_width":0,"zakra_general_content_width":0,"zakra_general_sidebar_width":0,"zakra_sticky_header":"customizer","zakra_header_main_area":true,"zakra_site_logo_width":0,"zakra_header_top_enabled":"customizer","zakra_header_top_style":"customizer","zakra_primary_menu_item_style":"customizer","zakra_page_header_text_color":"","zakra_page_header_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg":"","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_image":0,"zakra_page_title_bg_repeat":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_position":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_size":"customizer","zakra_page_title_bg_attachment":"customizer","zakra_breadcrumbs_enabled":"customizer","zakra_breadcrumbs_text_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_link_color":"","zakra_breadcrumbs_link_hover_color":"","zakra_page_title_bg_image":0,"zakra_footer_widgets_enabled":"customizer","zakra_footer_column_layout_1_style":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg":"","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_repeat":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_position":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_size":"customizer","zakra_footer_widgets_bg_attachment":"customizer","zakra_footer_bar_enabled":"customizer","zakra_footer_bar_style":"customizer","zakra_page_container_layout":"customizer","zakra_page_sidebar_layout":"customizer","zakra_remove_content_margin":false,"zakra_sidebar":"customizer","zakra_transparent_header":"customizer","zakra_logo":0,"zakra_main_header_style":"default","zakra_menu_item_color":"","zakra_menu_item_hover_color":"","zakra_menu_item_active_color":"","zakra_menu_active_style":"","zakra_page_header":true,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1574","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"zakra-thumb-size-one":false,"zakra-thumb-size-two":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Alan Leal","author_link":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/author\/alanmarqueslealhotmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"International trade and deforestation: the political economy behind Brazilian land-intensive exports Key-words: Deforestation; Environment; Game theory; International trade; Microeconomics Abstract Trade is directly related to deforestation and land use patterns. As an inducer of large economic activity and intensive use of factors related to deforestation and land, trade is often associated with higher emissions of[…]","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1574"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1577,"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1574\/revisions\/1577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alanleal-econ.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}